Lal Bahadur Shastri was a highly respected leader in India, known for his integrity, bravery, and unwavering dedication to the well-being of his country and its people. Born on 2 October 1904 in Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh, India, Shastri rose to prominence as a key player in India’s independence movement. He remains a source of inspiration for generations of Indians and is remembered as one of the country’s greatest leaders.
He served as the country’s second Prime Minister from 1964 until his untimely death on January 11, 1966. The circumstances surrounding his death have been shrouded in mystery for over five decades, leading to numerous conspiracy theories and unanswered questions.
Shastri was born into a family of modest means and faced significant hardships throughout his childhood. Despite this, he was known for his cheerful disposition and had a happy childhood. He completed his education at East Central Railway Inter College in Mughalsarai and Varanasi and went on to receive his Bachelor’s degree from the Kashi Vidyapeeth in 1926. He was awarded the title of “Shastri” meaning “Scholar” and it became part of his name.
Shastri married Lalita Devi on May 16, 1928, and the couple had a strong bond until his death. Despite the ongoing speculation surrounding his death, Shastri remains a source of inspiration and pride for generations of Indians, remembered as one of the country’s greatest leaders.
A member of Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement against the British government in India, Shastri was imprisoned several times during his political career and studied at Kashi Vidyapitha, where he graduated with the title of “shastri” meaning “learned in the scriptures”.
Shastri was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1952 and served as Minister for Railways and Transport in the 1960s. He played a key role in the 1962 Sino-Indian War and was a leading figure in the 1965 Indo-Pak War negotiations. Shastri was known for his skills as a mediator, earning a reputation after being appointed as the Minister for Home Affairs in 1961.
Lal Bahadur Shastri rose to become the second Prime Minister of India in June 1964, following the passing of Jawahar Lal Nehru. During his tenure, Shastri brought about a period of economic prosperity and political stability.
Lal Bahadur Shastri is remembered as one of India’s most influential Prime Ministers. During his time in office, he initiated the famous “White Revolution” which aimed to improve milk production and supply across the country. He worked towards this goal by supporting the Amul milk cooperative in Anand, Gujarat, and establishing the National Dairy Development Board.
Shastri also played a major role in promoting the Green Revolution in 1965, which significantly increased food grain production in states such as Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
Additionally, he advocated for Hindi to be recognized as the official language of the Indian government.
Shastri’s popularity soared during the 1965 conflict with Pakistan over the Kashmir region, where he displayed a resolute stance. The slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” that he gave during the war, is still widely used today. Translated to mean “Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer,” it serves as a testament to Shastri’s commitment to supporting and uplifting both the military and agricultural sectors of India.
Although the Indo-Pakistan war ended with the Tashkent agreement, Shastri Ji died suddenly the following day under mysterious circumstances that remain unresolved to this day.
Lal Bahadur Shastri died on January 11, 1966, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, just a day after the signing of a peace treaty that brought the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War to an end. The official cause of death was stated as a heart attack, however, his family has maintained that he was poisoned. Despite the investigation into his sudden passing, the true circumstances surrounding Shastri’s death remain a mystery.
In 1964, India was still recovering from the Indo-China war of 1962 and was grappling with the issue of Jammu and Kashmir, which was being constantly raised by Pakistan on the international stage. The then President of Pakistan, General Ayub Khan was eager to know who had replaced Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister of India and if the new leader, Lal Bahadur Shastri, was a strong one who could be engaged at the diplomatic level. Little did General Ayub Khan know that the man he was about to meet would go down in history as one of India’s greatest leaders.
Four months into his role as Prime Minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri met General Ayub Khan for the first time in October 1964, when his plane landed at Karachi airport on his way back from an Egypt tour. General Ayub Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the then Foreign Minister of Pakistan, were dressed in suits and boots, but Lal Bahadur Shastri was dressed in a simple white dhoti kurta, showcasing his simplicity and modesty. General Ayub Khan misunderstood Shastri’s simplicity as a weakness and believed that he was not a strong leader who could tackle the issue of Jammu and Kashmir.
However, Shastri proved General Ayub Khan wrong and displayed his leadership skills ten months later, when Pakistan launched a military operation against India, aimed at separating Kashmir from India. Shastri rose to the occasion and led India through the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965, which ended with the signing of the Tashkent Agreement on January 10, 1966. The agreement, signed hours before Shastri’s death, stated that the armies of both countries would return to their earlier status and that the occupied areas would be returned to their respective countries. The agreement also stated that the two countries would respect the pre-determined borders, follow the ceasefire, and resolve the standoff through dialogue.
The Tashkent Agreement was a momentous event and it was marked by a celebratory party in the city of Tashkent. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the Indian Prime Minister at the time, attended the party and later retired to his hotel room. He called his wife in Delhi to catch up on the latest news. His wife, Lalita, handed the phone over to their daughter, Kusum, as she was having trouble hearing Shastri’s voice. He asked Kusum about the reaction to the Tashkent Agreement and asked his family to send the Indian newspaper to Kabul.
However, it was not long after this conversation that Shastri died of a heart attack in his hotel room. What remains a mystery is why his post-mortem was not conducted in Tashkent or Delhi, and why his body had turned blue after his death, raising suspicions of poisoning. The questions remain unanswered to this day, and Kuldeep Nayyar, who was present in Tashkent as Shastri’s press advisor, mentioned this in his autobiography “Beyond The Lines”. He was never able to find out the truth behind these mysterious circumstances.
Unfortunately, there is no concrete evidence of the exact events that took place on the day of Lal Bahadur Shastri’s death. However, based on available information, the following is a possible timeline of events:
Note – The precise timeline and events may differ based on various sources.
In 1966, Lal Bahadur Shastri, India’s second Prime Minister, passed away in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then part of the USSR). The initial investigation stated that he died of cardiac arrest, but his family rejected the reports, calling his death mysterious. Upon the arrival of his body in Delhi, blue patches were found, yet a post-mortem was never conducted.
In 1977, a parliamentary body was formed to investigate the mysterious death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. However, two key witnesses, Dr. Chugh, and the Prime Minister’s personal assistant Ram Nath died in separate accidents before they could give their testimony. This raised questions about why the Government of India only woke up to probe the death so late.
The death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, India’s second Prime Minister, continues to generate curiosity and remains enigmatic to this day.
A parliamentary investigation was launched in 1977 to shed light on the mysterious circumstances surrounding Shastri’s death. Unfortunately, two crucial witnesses, Dr. R.N. Chugh who accompanied Shastri to Tashkent as his physician, and Ram Nath, his personal assistant, were unable to provide testimony as they both perished in separate accidents before they could appear before the parliamentary committee. This has left the mystery of Lal Bahadur Shastri’s death unresolved, making it a topic that continues to captivate the nation.
Over the years, various conspiracy theories have been put forth about the cause of Lal Bahadur Shastri’s mysterious death. Some of the most commonly discussed theories include poisoning, heart attack, and murder.
Theory I – Poisoning
One of the most frequently discussed theories is that Shastri was poisoned. This hypothesis is based on anecdotal evidence, rumors, and speculation, and no concrete proof exists to support it. Nevertheless, those who believe in this theory highlight the sudden and unexpected nature of Shastri’s death, as well as the lack of clear explanation in the official reports. They also suggest that the post-mortem examination may not have been thorough enough to detect signs of poisoning.
Veteran journalist, Kuldip Nayar in his book, Beyond the Lines, raises a suspicion that Lal Bahadur Shastri was poisoned. Nayar served as Shastri’s media advisor and was present with him in Tashkent when the second Prime Minister of India passed away suddenly in 1966. Shastri had traveled to Tashkent for a summit with Pakistan’s President Ayub Khan following the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war and died just hours after signing the joint declaration.
Upon his return to India, Nayar was approached by Shastri’s wife Lalitha who expressed her concerns about the sudden death, including the blue color of Shastri’s body and cuts on his body. She also raised the issue of no post-mortem being conducted either in Russia or in India. His family has always maintained the belief that he was poisoned and that his death was hushed up.
The numerous RTI applications reveal that the Prime Minister’s Office has refused to declassify information about Shastri’s death in Tashkent 46 years ago, adding to the mystery surrounding Shastri’s death.
Theory II – Heart Attack
The heart attack theory, which is the official explanation for Shastri’s death, is widely accepted by the general public. The heart attack was sudden and unexpected, and there was no indication of foul play. This theory is backed by the post-mortem examination findings and the official inquiry into his death.
Theory III – Murder
Another popular theory is that Shastri was murdered by powerful forces. Some believe that he was a victim of political assassination due to his strong stance on various issues, such as non-violent resistance, equality, and justice for all Indians. It is believed that his death was hushed up by the government to prevent the truth from coming out.
Despite the official investigation and autopsy report, various conspiracy theories have arisen over the years about the cause of Shastri’s death. Some of the most popular theories suggest poisoning, assassination, or a heart attack induced by stress. However, these claims lack concrete evidence and are based on anecdotal accounts, rumors, and speculation.
While the official explanation for Lal Bahadur Shastri’s death is a heart attack, the lack of concrete evidence and the persistence of conspiracy theories have sparked an ongoing interest in uncovering the truth. The various claims and counter-claims, along with official reports from the Indian government, have made it challenging for the public to come to a consensus about the true cause of Shastri’s death.
The death of Lal Bahadur Shastri remains an unresolved mystery in Indian history, but the lack of closure has only fueled more interest in uncovering the truth. Regardless of the questions surrounding his passing, his legacy stands as a source of inspiration and a testament to his impact on Indian politics and history.
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